/* l3loop->c */

#include "types.h"
#include "tables.h"
#include "l3loop.h"
#include "layer3.h"
#include "huffman.h"
#include "bitstream.h"
#include "l3bitstream.h"
#include "reservoir.h"

#define e        2.71828182845
#define CBLIMIT  21
#define SFB_LMAX 22
#define en_tot_krit 10
#define en_dif_krit 100
#define en_scfsi_band_krit 10
#define xm_scfsi_band_krit 10

static void calc_scfsi(shine_psy_xmin_t *l3_xmin, int ch, int gr, shine_global_config *config);
static int part2_length(int gr, int ch, shine_global_config *config);
static int bin_search_StepSize(int desired_rate, int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info * cod_info, shine_global_config *config);
static int count_bit(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], unsigned int start, unsigned int end, unsigned int table );
static int bigv_bitcount(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info *gi);
static int new_choose_table( int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], unsigned int begin, unsigned int end );
static void bigv_tab_select( int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info *cod_info );
static void subdivide(gr_info *cod_info, shine_global_config *config );
static int count1_bitcount( int ix[ GRANULE_SIZE ], gr_info *cod_info );
static void calc_runlen( int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info *cod_info );
static void calc_xmin( gr_info *cod_info, shine_psy_xmin_t *l3_xmin, int gr, int ch );
static int quantize(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], int stepsize, shine_global_config *config);


int sqrt_int(int r) {
    float x;
    float rr = r;
    float y = rr*0.5;
    *(unsigned int*)&x = (0xbe6f0000 - *(uint32_t*)&rr) >> 1;

    x = (1.5f*x) - (x*x)*(x*y);
    if(r>101123) x = (1.5f*x) - (x*x)*(x*y);

    int is = (int)(x*rr + 0.5f);
    return is + ((r - is*is)>>31);
}

#define SQRT_MAGIC_F 0x5f3759df

float  f_sqrt(const float x) {
  const float xhalf = 0.5f*x;
  //float step;
  union // get bits for floating value
  {
    float x;
    int i;
  } u;
  u.x = x;
  u.i = SQRT_MAGIC_F - (u.i >> 1);  // gives initial guess y0

  return x*u.x*(1.5f - xhalf*u.x*u.x);// Newton step, repeating increases accuracy
}
/*
 * shine_inner_loop:
 * ----------
 * The code selects the best quantizerStepSize for a particular set
 * of scalefacs.
 */
int shine_inner_loop(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE],
               int max_bits, gr_info *cod_info, int gr, int ch,
               shine_global_config *config ) {
  int bits, c1bits, bvbits;

  if(max_bits<0)
    cod_info->quantizerStepSize--;
  do
  {
    while(quantize(ix,++cod_info->quantizerStepSize,config) > 8192); /* within table range? */

    calc_runlen(ix,cod_info);                        /* rzero,count1,big_values*/
    bits = c1bits = count1_bitcount(ix,cod_info);    /* count1_table selection*/
    subdivide(cod_info, config);                     /* bigvalues sfb division */
    bigv_tab_select(ix,cod_info);                    /* codebook selection*/
    bits += bvbits = bigv_bitcount( ix, cod_info );  /* bit count */
  }
  while(bits>max_bits);
  return bits;
}

/*
 * shine_outer_loop:
 * -----------
 *  Function: The outer iteration loop controls the masking conditions
 *  of all scalefactorbands. It computes the best scalefac and
 *  global gain. This module calls the inner iteration loop.
 */

int shine_outer_loop( int max_bits,
                       shine_psy_xmin_t  *l3_xmin, /* the allowed distortion of the scalefactor */
                       int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], /* vector of quantized values ix(0..575) */
                       int gr, int ch, shine_global_config *config) {
  int bits, huff_bits;
  shine_side_info_t *side_info = &config->side_info;
  gr_info *cod_info = &side_info->gr[gr].ch[ch].tt;

  cod_info->quantizerStepSize = bin_search_StepSize(max_bits,ix,cod_info, config);

  cod_info->part2_length = part2_length(gr,ch,config);
  huff_bits = max_bits - cod_info->part2_length;

  bits = shine_inner_loop(ix, huff_bits, cod_info, gr, ch, config );
  cod_info->part2_3_length = cod_info->part2_length + bits;

  return cod_info->part2_3_length;
}

/*
 * shine_iteration_loop:
 * ------------------
 */
void shine_iteration_loop(shine_global_config *config) {
  shine_psy_xmin_t l3_xmin;
  gr_info *cod_info;
  int max_bits;
  int ch, gr, i;
  int *ix;


  for(ch=config->wave.channels; ch--; )
  {
    for(gr=0; gr<config->mpeg.granules_per_frame; gr++)
    {
      /* setup pointers */
      ix = config->l3_enc[ch][gr];
      config->l3loop->xr = config->mdct_freq[ch][gr];

      /* Precalculate the square, abs,  and maximum,
       * for use later on.
       */
      for (i=GRANULE_SIZE, config->l3loop->xrmax=0; i--;)
      {
        config->l3loop->xrsq[i]  = asm_mulsr(config->l3loop->xr[i],config->l3loop->xr[i]);
        config->l3loop->xrabs[i] = abs(config->l3loop->xr[i]);
        if(config->l3loop->xrabs[i]>config->l3loop->xrmax)
          config->l3loop->xrmax=config->l3loop->xrabs[i];
      }

      cod_info = (gr_info *) &(config->side_info.gr[gr].ch[ch]);
      cod_info->sfb_lmax = SFB_LMAX - 1; /* gr_deco */

      calc_xmin(cod_info, &l3_xmin, gr, ch );

      if ( config->mpeg.version == MPEG_I )
        calc_scfsi(&l3_xmin,ch,gr,config);

      /* calculation of number of available bit( per granule ) */
      max_bits = shine_max_reservoir_bits(&config->pe[ch][gr],config);

      /* reset of iteration variables */
      memset(config->scalefactor.l[gr][ch],0,sizeof(config->scalefactor.l[gr][ch]));
      memset(config->scalefactor.s[gr][ch],0,sizeof(config->scalefactor.s[gr][ch]));

      for ( i=4; i--; )
        cod_info->slen[i] = 0;

      cod_info->part2_3_length    = 0;
      cod_info->big_values        = 0;
      cod_info->count1            = 0;
      cod_info->scalefac_compress = 0;
      cod_info->table_select[0]   = 0;
      cod_info->table_select[1]   = 0;
      cod_info->table_select[2]   = 0;
      cod_info->region0_count     = 0;
      cod_info->region1_count     = 0;
      cod_info->part2_length      = 0;
      cod_info->preflag           = 0;
      cod_info->scalefac_scale    = 0;
      cod_info->count1table_select= 0;

      /* all spectral values zero ? */
      if(config->l3loop->xrmax)
        cod_info->part2_3_length = shine_outer_loop(max_bits,&l3_xmin,ix,
                                              gr,ch,config);

      shine_ResvAdjust(cod_info, config );
      cod_info->global_gain = cod_info->quantizerStepSize+210;

    } /* for gr */
  } /* for ch */

  shine_ResvFrameEnd(config);
}

/*
 * calc_scfsi:
 * -----------
 * calculation of the scalefactor select information ( scfsi ).
 */
void calc_scfsi( shine_psy_xmin_t *l3_xmin, int ch, int gr,
                 shine_global_config *config ) {
  shine_side_info_t *l3_side = &config->side_info;
  /* This is the scfsi_band table from 2.4.2.7 of the IS */
  static const int scfsi_band_long[5] = { 0, 6, 11, 16, 21 };

  int scfsi_band;
  unsigned scfsi_set;

  int sfb, start, end, i;
  int condition = 0;
  int temp;

  const int *scalefac_band_long = &shine_scale_fact_band_index[config->mpeg.samplerate_index][0];

  // note. it goes quite a bit faster if you uncomment the next bit and exit
   //  early from scfsi, but you then loose the advantage of common scale factors.

  /*for(scfsi_band=0;scfsi_band<4;scfsi_band++)
    l3_side->scfsi[ch][scfsi_band] = 0;
  return;*/



  config->l3loop->xrmaxl[gr] = config->l3loop->xrmax;
  scfsi_set = 0;

  /* the total energy of the granule */
  for ( temp = 0, i =GRANULE_SIZE; i--;  )
    temp += config->l3loop->xrsq[i]>>10; /* a bit of scaling to avoid overflow, (not very good) */
  if ( temp )
    config->l3loop->en_tot[gr] = log((float)temp * 4.768371584e-7) / LN2; /* 1024 / 0x7fffffff */
  else
    config->l3loop->en_tot[gr] = 0;

  /* the energy of each scalefactor band, en */
  /* the allowed distortion of each scalefactor band, xm */

  for(sfb=21; sfb--; )
  {
    start = scalefac_band_long[ sfb ];
    end   = scalefac_band_long[ sfb+1 ];

    for ( temp = 0, i = start; i < end; i++ )
      temp += config->l3loop->xrsq[i]>>10;
    if ( temp )
      config->l3loop->en[gr][sfb] = log((float)temp * 4.768371584e-7) / LN2; /* 1024 / 0x7fffffff */
    else
      config->l3loop->en[gr][sfb] = 0;

    if ( l3_xmin->l[gr][ch][sfb])
      config->l3loop->xm[gr][sfb] = log( l3_xmin->l[gr][ch][sfb] ) / LN2;
    else
      config->l3loop->xm[gr][sfb] = 0;
  }

  if(gr==1)
  {
    int gr2, tp;

    for(gr2=2; gr2--; )
    {
      /* The spectral values are not all zero */
      if(config->l3loop->xrmaxl[gr2])
        condition++;

      condition++;
    }
    if(abs(config->l3loop->en_tot[0]-config->l3loop->en_tot[1]) < en_tot_krit)
      condition++;
    for(tp=0,sfb=21; sfb--; )
      tp += abs(config->l3loop->en[0][sfb]-config->l3loop->en[1][sfb]);
    if (tp < en_dif_krit)
      condition++;

    if(condition==6)
    {
      for(scfsi_band=0;scfsi_band<4;scfsi_band++)
      {
        int sum0 = 0, sum1 = 0;
        l3_side->scfsi[ch][scfsi_band] = 0;
        start = scfsi_band_long[scfsi_band];
        end   = scfsi_band_long[scfsi_band+1];
        for ( sfb = start; sfb < end; sfb++ )
        {
          sum0 += abs( config->l3loop->en[0][sfb] - config->l3loop->en[1][sfb] );
          sum1 += abs( config->l3loop->xm[0][sfb] - config->l3loop->xm[1][sfb] );
        }

        if(sum0<en_scfsi_band_krit && sum1<xm_scfsi_band_krit)
        {
          l3_side->scfsi[ch][scfsi_band] = 1;
          scfsi_set |= (1 << scfsi_band);
        }
        else
          l3_side->scfsi[ch][scfsi_band] = 0;
      } /* for scfsi_band */
    } /* if condition == 6 */
    else
      for(scfsi_band=0;scfsi_band<4;scfsi_band++)
         l3_side->scfsi[ch][scfsi_band] = 0;
  } /* if gr == 1 */
}

/*
 * part2_length:
 * -------------
 * calculates the number of bits needed to encode the scalefacs in the
 * main data block.
 */
int part2_length(int gr, int ch, shine_global_config *config) {
  int slen1, slen2, bits;
  gr_info *gi = &config->side_info.gr[gr].ch[ch].tt;

  bits = 0;

  {
    slen1 = shine_slen1_tab[ gi->scalefac_compress ];
    slen2 = shine_slen2_tab[ gi->scalefac_compress ];

    if ( !gr || !(config->side_info.scfsi[ch][0]) )
      bits += (6 * slen1);

    if ( !gr || !(config->side_info.scfsi[ch][1]) )
      bits += (5 * slen1);

    if ( !gr || !(config->side_info.scfsi[ch][2]) )
      bits += (5 * slen2);

    if ( !gr || !(config->side_info.scfsi[ch][3]) )
      bits += (5 * slen2);
  }
  return bits;
}

/*
 * calc_xmin:
 * ----------
 * Calculate the allowed distortion for each scalefactor band,
 * as determined by the psychoacoustic model.
 * xmin(sb) = ratio(sb) * en(sb) / bw(sb)
 */
void calc_xmin(gr_info *cod_info,
               shine_psy_xmin_t *l3_xmin,
               int gr, int ch ) {
  int sfb;

  for ( sfb = cod_info->sfb_lmax; sfb--; )
  {
  /*note. xmin will always be zero with no psychoacoustic model

    start = scalefac_band_long[ sfb ];
    end   = scalefac_band_long[ sfb+1 ];
    bw = end - start;

    for ( en = 0, l = start; l < end; l++ )
      en += config->l3loop->xrsq[l];

    l3_xmin->l[gr][ch][sfb] = ratio->l[gr][ch][sfb] * en / bw;*/

    l3_xmin->l[gr][ch][sfb] = 0;
  }
}

/*
 * shine_loop_initialise:
 * -------------------
 * Calculates the look up tables used by the iteration loop.
 */
void shine_loop_initialise(shine_global_config *config) {
  int i;

  /* quantize: stepsize conversion, fourth root of 2 table.
   * The table is inverted (negative power) from the equation given
   * in the spec because it is quicker to do x*y than x/y.
   * The 0.5 is for rounding.
   */
  for(i=128; i--;)
  {
    config->l3loop->steptab[i] = pow(2.0,(double)(127-i)/4);
    if((config->l3loop->steptab[i]*2)>0x7fffffff) /* MAXINT = 2**31 = 2**(124/4) */
      config->l3loop->steptabi[i]=0x7fffffff;
    else
      /* The table is multiplied by 2 to give an extra bit of accuracy.
       * In quantize, the long multiply does not shift it's result left one
       * bit to compensate.
       */
      config->l3loop->steptabi[i] = (int)((config->l3loop->steptab[i]*2) + 0.5);
  }

  /* quantize: vector conversion, three quarter power table.
   * The 0.5 is for rounding, the .0946 comes from the spec.
   */
  for(i=10000; i--;)
    config->l3loop->int2idx[i] = (int)(sqrt(sqrt((double)i)*(double)i) - 0.0946 + 0.5);
}

/*
 * quantize:
 * ---------
 * Function: Quantization of the vector xr ( -> ix).
 * Returns maximum value of ix.
 */
int quantize(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], int stepsize, shine_global_config *config )
{
  int i, max, ln;
  int scalei;
  float scale, dbl;

  scalei = config->l3loop->steptabi[stepsize+127]; /* 2**(-stepsize/4) */

  /* a quick check to see if ixmax will be less than 8192 */
  /* this speeds up the early calls to bin_search_StepSize */
  if((asm_mulr(config->l3loop->xrmax,scalei)) > 165140) /* 8192**(4/3) */
    max = 16384; /* no point in continuing, stepsize not big enough */
  else
    for(i=0, max=0;i<GRANULE_SIZE;i++)
    {
      /* This calculation is very sensitive. The multiply must round it's
       * result or bad things happen to the quality.
       */
      ln = asm_mulr(abs(config->l3loop->xr[i]),scalei);

      if(ln<10000) /* ln < 10000 catches most values */
        ix[i] = config->l3loop->int2idx[ln]; /* quick look up method */
      else
      {
        /* outside table range so have to do it using floats */
        scale = config->l3loop->steptab[stepsize+127]; /* 2**(-stepsize/4) */
        dbl = ((float)config->l3loop->xrabs[i]) * scale * 4.656612875e-10; /* 0x7fffffff */
        //ix[i] = sqrt_int((int)(f_sqrt(dbl)*dbl)); /* dbl**(3/4) */
        ix[i] = (int)sqrt(sqrt(dbl)*dbl); /* dbl**(3/4) */
      }

      /* calculate ixmax while we're here */
      /* note. ix cannot be negative */
      if(max < ix[i])
        max = ix[i];
    }

  return max;
}

/*
 * ix_max:
 * -------
 * Function: Calculate the maximum of ix from 0 to 575
 */
static inline int ix_max( int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], unsigned int begin, unsigned int end ) {
  int i;
  int max = 0;

  for(i=begin;i<end;i++)
    if(max < ix[i])
      max = ix[i];
  return max;
}

/*
 * calc_runlen:
 * ------------
 * Function: Calculation of rzero, count1, big_values
 * (Partitions ix into big values, quadruples and zeros).
 */
void calc_runlen( int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info *cod_info ) {
  int i;
  int rzero = 0;

  for ( i = GRANULE_SIZE; i > 1; i -= 2 )
    if ( !ix[i-1] && !ix[i-2] )
      rzero++;
    else
      break;

  cod_info->count1 = 0 ;
  for ( ; i > 3; i -= 4 )
    if (   ix[i-1] <= 1
        && ix[i-2] <= 1
        && ix[i-3] <= 1
        && ix[i-4] <= 1 )
      cod_info->count1++;
    else
      break;

    cod_info->big_values = i>>1;
}

/*
 * count1_bitcount:
 * ----------------
 * Determines the number of bits to encode the quadruples.
 */
int count1_bitcount(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info *cod_info) {
  int p, i, k;
  int v, w, x, y, signbits;
  int sum0 = 0,
      sum1 = 0;

  for(i=cod_info->big_values<<1, k=0; k<cod_info->count1; i+=4, k++)
  {
    v = ix[i];
    w = ix[i+1];
    x = ix[i+2];
    y = ix[i+3];

    p = v + (w<<1) + (x<<2) + (y<<3);

    signbits = 0;
    if(v!=0) signbits++;
    if(w!=0) signbits++;
    if(x!=0) signbits++;
    if(y!=0) signbits++;

    sum0 += signbits;
    sum1 += signbits;

    sum0 += shine_huffman_table[32].hlen[p];
    sum1 += shine_huffman_table[33].hlen[p];
  }

  if(sum0<sum1)
  {
    cod_info->count1table_select = 0;
    return sum0;
  }
  else
  {
    cod_info->count1table_select = 1;
    return sum1;
  }
}

/*
 * subdivide:
 * ----------
 * presumable subdivides the bigvalue region which will use separate Huffman tables.
 */
void subdivide(gr_info *cod_info, shine_global_config *config) {
  static const struct
  {
    unsigned region0_count;
    unsigned region1_count;
  } subdv_table[ 23 ] =
  {
    {0, 0}, /* 0 bands */
    {0, 0}, /* 1 bands */
    {0, 0}, /* 2 bands */
    {0, 0}, /* 3 bands */
    {0, 0}, /* 4 bands */
    {0, 1}, /* 5 bands */
    {1, 1}, /* 6 bands */
    {1, 1}, /* 7 bands */
    {1, 2}, /* 8 bands */
    {2, 2}, /* 9 bands */
    {2, 3}, /* 10 bands */
    {2, 3}, /* 11 bands */
    {3, 4}, /* 12 bands */
    {3, 4}, /* 13 bands */
    {3, 4}, /* 14 bands */
    {4, 5}, /* 15 bands */
    {4, 5}, /* 16 bands */
    {4, 6}, /* 17 bands */
    {5, 6}, /* 18 bands */
    {5, 6}, /* 19 bands */
    {5, 7}, /* 20 bands */
    {6, 7}, /* 21 bands */
    {6, 7}, /* 22 bands */
  };

  if (!cod_info->big_values)
  { /* no big_values region */
    cod_info->region0_count = 0;
    cod_info->region1_count = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    const int *scalefac_band_long = &shine_scale_fact_band_index[config->mpeg.samplerate_index][0];
    int bigvalues_region, scfb_anz, thiscount;

    bigvalues_region = 2 * cod_info->big_values;

    /* Calculate scfb_anz */
    scfb_anz = 0;
    while ( scalefac_band_long[scfb_anz] < bigvalues_region )
      scfb_anz++;

    for (thiscount = subdv_table[scfb_anz].region0_count; thiscount; thiscount--) {
      if (scalefac_band_long[thiscount + 1] <= bigvalues_region)
        break;
    }
    cod_info->region0_count = thiscount;
    cod_info->address1 = scalefac_band_long[thiscount + 1];

    scalefac_band_long += cod_info->region0_count + 1;

    for (thiscount = subdv_table[scfb_anz].region1_count; thiscount; thiscount--) {
      if (scalefac_band_long[thiscount + 1] <= bigvalues_region)
        break;
    }
    cod_info->region1_count = thiscount;
    cod_info->address2 = scalefac_band_long[thiscount + 1];

    cod_info->address3 = bigvalues_region;
  }
}

/*
 * bigv_tab_select:
 * ----------------
 * Function: Select huffman code tables for bigvalues regions
 */
void bigv_tab_select( int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info *cod_info ) {
  cod_info->table_select[0] = 0;
  cod_info->table_select[1] = 0;
  cod_info->table_select[2] = 0;

  {
    if ( cod_info->address1 > 0 )
      cod_info->table_select[0] = new_choose_table( ix, 0, cod_info->address1 );

    if ( cod_info->address2 > cod_info->address1 )
      cod_info->table_select[1] = new_choose_table( ix, cod_info->address1, cod_info->address2 );

    if ( cod_info->big_values<<1 > cod_info->address2 )
      cod_info->table_select[2] = new_choose_table( ix, cod_info->address2, cod_info->big_values<<1 );
  }
}

/*
 * new_choose_table:
 * -----------------
 * Choose the Huffman table that will encode ix[begin..end] with
 * the fewest bits.
 * Note: This code contains knowledge about the sizes and characteristics
 * of the Huffman tables as defined in the IS (Table B.7), and will not work
 * with any arbitrary tables.
 */
int new_choose_table( int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], unsigned int begin, unsigned int end ) {
  int i, max;
  int choice[2];
  int sum[2];

  max = ix_max(ix,begin,end);
  if(!max)
    return 0;

  choice[0] = 0;
  choice[1] = 0;

  if(max<15)
  {
    /* try tables with no linbits */
    for ( i =14; i--; )
      if ( shine_huffman_table[i].xlen > max )
      {
        choice[0] = i;
        break;
      }

    sum[0] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, choice[0] );

    switch (choice[0])
    {
      case 2:
        sum[1] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, 3 );
        if ( sum[1] <= sum[0] )
          choice[0] = 3;
        break;

      case 5:
        sum[1] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, 6 );
        if ( sum[1] <= sum[0] )
          choice[0] = 6;
        break;

      case 7:
        sum[1] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, 8 );
        if ( sum[1] <= sum[0] )
        {
          choice[0] = 8;
          sum[0] = sum[1];
        }
        sum[1] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, 9 );
        if ( sum[1] <= sum[0] )
          choice[0] = 9;
        break;

      case 10:
        sum[1] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, 11 );
        if ( sum[1] <= sum[0] )
        {
          choice[0] = 11;
          sum[0] = sum[1];
        }
        sum[1] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, 12 );
        if ( sum[1] <= sum[0] )
          choice[0] = 12;
        break;

      case 13:
        sum[1] = count_bit( ix, begin, end, 15 );
        if ( sum[1] <= sum[0] )
          choice[0] = 15;
        break;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    /* try tables with linbits */
    max -= 15;

    for(i=15;i<24;i++)
      if(shine_huffman_table[i].linmax>=max)
      {
        choice[0] = i;
        break;
      }

    for(i=24;i<32;i++)
      if(shine_huffman_table[i].linmax>=max)
      {
        choice[1] = i;
        break;
      }

    sum[0] = count_bit(ix,begin,end,choice[0]);
    sum[1] = count_bit(ix,begin,end,choice[1]);
    if (sum[1]<sum[0])
      choice[0] = choice[1];
  }
  return choice[0];
}

/*
 * bigv_bitcount:
 * --------------
 * Function: Count the number of bits necessary to code the bigvalues region.
 */
int bigv_bitcount(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE], gr_info *gi) {
  int bits = 0;
  unsigned int table;

  if( (table=gi->table_select[0]))  /* region0 */
    bits += count_bit(ix, 0, gi->address1, table );
  if( (table=gi->table_select[1]))  /* region1 */
    bits += count_bit(ix, gi->address1, gi->address2, table );
  if( (table=gi->table_select[2]))  /* region2 */
    bits += count_bit(ix, gi->address2, gi->address3, table );
  return bits;
}

/*
 * count_bit:
 * ----------
 * Function: Count the number of bits necessary to code the subregion.
 */
int count_bit(int ix[GRANULE_SIZE],
              unsigned int start,
              unsigned int end,
              unsigned int table ) {
  unsigned            linbits, ylen;
  int        i, sum;
  int        x,y;
  const struct huffcodetab *h;

  if(!table)
    return 0;

  h   = &(shine_huffman_table[table]);
  sum = 0;

  ylen    = h->ylen;
  linbits = h->linbits;

  if(table>15)
  { /* ESC-table is used */
    for(i=start;i<end;i+=2)
    {
      x = ix[i];
      y = ix[i+1];
      if(x>14)
      {
        x = 15;
        sum += linbits;
      }
      if(y>14)
      {
        y = 15;
        sum += linbits;
      }

      sum += h->hlen[(x*ylen)+y];
      if(x)
        sum++;
      if(y)
        sum++;
    }
  }
  else
  { /* No ESC-words */
    for(i=start;i<end;i+=2)
    {
      x = ix[i];
      y = ix[i+1];

      sum  += h->hlen[(x*ylen)+y];

      if(x!=0)
        sum++;
      if(y!=0)
        sum++;
    }
  }
  return sum;
}

/*
 * bin_search_StepSize:
 * --------------------
 * Succesive approximation approach to obtaining a initial quantizer
 * step size.
 * The following optional code written by Seymour Shlien
 * will speed up the shine_outer_loop code which is called
 * by iteration_loop. When BIN_SEARCH is defined, the
 * shine_outer_loop function precedes the call to the function shine_inner_loop
 * with a call to bin_search gain defined below, which
 * returns a good starting quantizerStepSize.
 */
int bin_search_StepSize(int desired_rate, int ix[GRANULE_SIZE],
                        gr_info * cod_info, shine_global_config *config) {
  int bit, next, count;

  next  = -120;
  count = 120;

  do {
    int half = count / 2;

    if (quantize(ix, next + half, config) > 8192)
      bit = 100000;  /* fail */
    else
    {
      calc_runlen(ix, cod_info);           /* rzero,count1,big_values */
      bit = count1_bitcount(ix, cod_info); /* count1_table selection */
      subdivide(cod_info, config);         /* bigvalues sfb division */
      bigv_tab_select(ix, cod_info);       /* codebook selection */
      bit += bigv_bitcount(ix, cod_info);  /* bit count */
    }

    if (bit < desired_rate)
      count = half;
    else
    {
      next += half;
      count -= half;
    }
  } while (count > 1);

  return next;
}